Q: I have read that “without evidence to the contrary, possessing a firearm while backcountry camping is considered proof of hunting.” What would be an example of evidence to the contrary? Can I legally carry a rifle for protection against predatory animals?
Ron Goulding, St. Catharines
A: Direct conflict with wildlife is very rare in Ontario. The incidence of injury caused by wildlife to individuals who live, work, and play in remote areas is extremely low. Section 109 of the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1997 states that possession of a firearm in an area usually inhabited by wildlife is proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that the person is hunting. This is true both during the open and closed seasons.
Anyone carrying a firearm for any reason other than hunting is required to clearly show that they were not hunting. You may not possess any firearm in most provincial parks except when and where hunting is permitted. You may never possess a firearm in a Crown Game Preserve.
Carrying a firearm is not the best solution if you are truly concerned about wildlife. Your best option is to take every measure to deter wildlife from approaching you. Refer to the Bear Wise website at www.ontario.ca/page/prevent-bear-encounters-bear-wise for tips on bears. Although directed at black bear, the information is valuable for dealing with any wildlife species.
If you feel it is necessary to carry a firearm for protection, it and the ammo youʼre using must be sufficient to dispatch an animal quickly and humanely. Rimfire .22 rifles and small-bore shotguns are unsuitable for large animals. A 12-gauge shotgun with slugs would be suitable for black bear.
Answer by: David Critchlow, Provincial Enforcement Specialist, MNR
Originally published in the August 2025 issue of Ontario OUT of DOORS
Ask a CO is also a regular feature in the print edition
Please check the most recent Ontario hunting and fishing regulations summaries, as rules and regulations can change
For more instalments of Ask a CO, click here
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